Shemos 1:19 · unit 1

Parashas Shemos · Passuk 1:19

The Complete Passuk

וַתֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹת֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה כִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַנָּשִׁ֛ים הַמִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּטֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵהֶ֛ן*(בכתר ארם צובה היה כתוב אֲלֵיהֶ֛ן) הַמְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְיָלָֽדוּ׃

The midwives said to Pharaoh, “Because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women: they are vigorous. Before the midwife can come to them, they have given birth.”

Chabad.org — 1:19

Source Citation

Torah Temimah points to Sotah 11b (verified).

Sefaria — Sotah 11b

Core Text of Chazal

Core Text — Sotah 11b

כי חיות הנה — מאי חיות? \ldots אלא אמרו לו, אומה זו כחיה נמשלה: יהודה גור אריה, דן יהי דן נחש, נפתלי אילה שלוחה, יששכר חמור גרם, יוסף בכור שור, בנימין זאב יטרף.

English: “For they are chayos” — what is the meaning of chayos? \ldots Rather they said to him: This nation is compared to animals — Yehudah a lion’s cub, Dan a serpent, Naftali a hind let loose, Yissachar a strong-boned donkey, Yosef a firstling ox, Binyamin a wolf that tears.

On the daf / in context: The midwives’ answer is midrashically expanded: Israel is likened in Yaakov’s blessings to various animals that give birth without needing midwives. The claim is therefore that the Hebrew women deliver before any midwife can arrive.

Type of Learning

Custom — reading chayos against the tribal animal metaphors of Bereishis 49.

What Is Learned

Chazal teach that the midwives justified their non-compliance by appealing to the animal-like self-sufficiency of Israel in childbirth, drawn from the blessings of the tribes.