Derasha 1 on Vayikra 5:21

Parashas Vayikra · Aliyah 7 · Passuk 21

The Complete Passuk

נֶ֚פֶשׁ כִּ֣י תֶחֱטָ֔א וּמָֽעֲלָ֥ה מַ֖עַל בַּיהֹוָ֑ה וְכִחֵ֨שׁ בַּעֲמִית֜וֹ בְּפִקָּד֗וֹן אֽוֹ־בִתְשׂ֤וּמֶת יָד֙ א֣וֹ בְגָזֵ֔ל א֖וֹ עָשַׁ֥ק אֶת־עֲמִיתֽוֹ׃

Chabad.org — English translation + Rashi

Source Citation

Torah Temima points to asham gezeilot — guilt for false denial of monetary claims.

E-Daf — Bava Kamma 103a

Core Text of Chazal

Core Text
נֶפֶשׁ כִּי תֶחֱטָא וּמָעֲלָה מַעַל בַּיהֹוָה וְכִחֵשׁ בַּעֲמִיתוֹ בְּפִקָּדוֹן אוֹ־בִתְשׂוּמֶת יָד אוֹ בְגָזֵל אוֹ עָשַׁק אֶת־עֲמִיתוֹ

English: “A soul that sins and commits a trespass against Hashem and denies his fellow regarding a deposit or a pledge or robbery or withholding from his fellow.”

On the daf / in context: Opens the final asham of the parsha: false oath / denial in monetary matters between people is treated as a trespass against Hashem. Restitution plus fifth plus asham ram follow in 5:23–26.

Type of Learning

Custom (civil wrong framed as ma’al against Hashem).

What Is Learned

Denying a deposit, loan, theft, or withheld wages under oath requires restoration, a fifth, and an asham.